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In balloon-frame construction, the exterior walls are characterized by wood studs that run continuously from the basement all the way up to the roof. This method of construction creates a strong vertical structure, allowing for greater height and facilitating open interior spaces without the need for additional support beams on each floor. The continuous nature of the studs means that they provide a direct load path for weight, which is beneficial in terms of structural integrity.

This construction technique also allows for easier routing of utilities and can increase the speed of assembly on site. During a fire, one downside of balloon-frame construction is that it can allow for rapid vertical fire spread through the wall cavities if not properly addressed, as the continuous studs can create a channel for flames and heat. Understanding this structural layout is crucial for firefighting strategies, as it affects how a fire may behave in such a building.